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[Full VHDL code] Matrix Multiplication Design using VHDL

VHDL code for Matrix multiplication is presented. This VHDL project is aimed to develop and implement a synthesizable matrix multiplier core, which is able to perform matrix calculation for matrices with the size of 32x32.

Each component of the matrices is 16-bit unsigned integer. The core is implemented on Xilinx FPGA Spartan-6 XC6SLX45-CSG324-3. Both behavior and post-route verification are completed. The simulated result is accurately compared to Matlab implementation result.

   
VHDL code for matrix multiplication

Block diagram of the design core
The design core is based on the reference design of matrix addition, which input and output buffers are generated by Xilinx Core Generator to save input and output data. The main work is the block to calculate matrix multiplication. Based on the theory of matrix multiplication, the matrix multiplication is done by the following equation:

VHDL code for matrix multiplication
To calculate cij , during the state of “stReadBufferAB”, we have to read out all 32 columns of row i and 32 the rows of column j, and do multiplication and accumulation like the equation. Furthermore, we add one more state “stSaveData” to the FSM of the reference core which is aimed to save the accumulated data before going to the next state of “stWriteBufferC”.
VHDL code for matrix multiplication
Block interface of the design core

VHDL top level code for the matrix multiplier:

 -- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects 
 -- VHDL project: VHDL code for matrix multiplcation
 library ieee;   
 use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;   
 use ieee.numeric_std.all;  
 use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;  
 -- Required entity declaration  
 entity IntMatMulCore is  
      port(  
           Reset, Clock,      WriteEnable, BufferSel:      in std_logic;  
           WriteAddress: in std_logic_vector (9 downto 0);  
           WriteData:           in std_logic_vector (15 downto 0);  
           ReadAddress:      in std_logic_vector (9 downto 0);  
           ReadEnable:      in std_logic;  
           ReadData:           out std_logic_vector (63 downto 0);  
           DataReady:           out std_logic  
      );  
 end IntMatMulCore;  
 architecture IntMatMulCore_arch of IntMatMulCore is  
 -- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects 
 COMPONENT dpram1024x16  
  PORT (  
   clka : IN STD_LOGIC;  
   wea : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(0 DOWNTO 0);  
   addra : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(9 DOWNTO 0);  
   dina : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(15 DOWNTO 0);  
   clkb : IN STD_LOGIC;  
       enb : IN STD_LOGIC;  
   addrb : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(9 DOWNTO 0);  
   doutb : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(15 DOWNTO 0)  
  );  
 END COMPONENT;  
 -- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects 
 COMPONENT dpram1024x64  
  PORT (  
   clka : IN STD_LOGIC;  
   wea : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(0 DOWNTO 0);  
   addra : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(9 DOWNTO 0);  
   dina : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(63 DOWNTO 0);  
   clkb : IN STD_LOGIC;  
   enb : IN STD_LOGIC;  
   addrb : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(9 DOWNTO 0);  
   doutb : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(63 DOWNTO 0)  
  );  
 END COMPONENT;  
 -- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects
 type     stateType is (stIdle, stWriteBufferA, stWriteBufferB, stReadBufferAB, stSaveData, stWriteBufferC, stComplete);  
 signal presState: stateType;  
 signal nextState: stateType;  
 signal iReadEnableAB, iCountReset,iCountEnable, iCountEnableAB,iCountResetAB: std_logic;  
 signal iWriteEnableA, iWriteEnableB, iWriteEnableC: std_logic_vector(0 downto 0);  
 signal iReadDataA, iReadDataB: std_logic_vector (15 downto 0);  
 signal iWriteDataC: std_logic_vector (63 downto 0);  
 signal iCount, iReadAddrA, iReadAddrB,iRowA : unsigned(9 downto 0);  
 signal CountAT,CountBT:unsigned(9 downto 0);  
 signal iColB:unsigned(19 downto 0);  
 signal irow,icol,iCountA,iCountB: unsigned(4 downto 0);  
 signal iCountEnableAB_d1,iCountEnableAB_d2,iCountEnableAB_d3: std_logic;  
 begin  
      --Write Enable for RAM A   
      iWriteEnableA(0) <= WriteEnable and BufferSel;  
      --Write Enable for RAM B  
      iWriteEnableB(0) <= WriteEnable and (not BufferSel); 
 -- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects 
      --Input Buffer A Instance  
           InputBufferA : dpram1024x16  
           PORT MAP (  
                clka => Clock,  
                wea  => iWriteEnableA,  
                addra => WriteAddress,  
                dina => WriteData,  
                clkb      => Clock,  
                enb     => iReadEnableAB,  
                addrb => std_logic_vector(iReadAddrA),  
                doutb => iReadDataA  
           );  
 -- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects
      InputBufferB : dpram1024x16  
           PORT MAP (  
                clka => Clock,  
                wea  => iWriteEnableB,  
                addra => WriteAddress,  
                dina => WriteData,  
                clkb      => Clock,  
                enb     => iReadEnableAB,  
                addrb => std_logic_vector(iReadAddrB),  
                doutb => iReadDataB  
           );  
 -- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects
      OutputBufferC : dpram1024x64  
           PORT MAP (  
                clka      => Clock,  
                wea      => iWriteEnableC,  
                addra => std_logic_vector(iCount),  
                dina      => iWriteDataC,  
                clkb      => Clock,  
                enb      => ReadEnable,  
                addrb => ReadAddress,  
                doutb => ReadData  
           );  
      process(Clock,Reset)  
      begin  
      if(rising_edge(Clock)) then  
      if(Reset='1') then  
      iCountEnableAB_d1 <= '0';  
      iCountEnableAB_d2 <= '0';  
      else  
      iCountEnableAB_d1 <= iCountEnable;  
      iCountEnableAB_d2 <= iCountEnableAB_d1;  
      end if;  
      end if;  
      end process;  
      iCountEnableAB_d3 <= (not iCountEnableAB_d2) AND iCountEnableAB_d1 ;  
 -- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects
      process (Clock)  
      begin  
           if rising_edge (Clock) then  
                if(Reset='1') then  
                     iWriteDataC <= (others => '0');  
                elsif(iWriteEnableC(0)='1') then  
                     iWriteDataC <= (others => '0');  
                elsif(iCountEnableAB_d3='1') then  
                     iWriteDataC <= (others => '0');  
                elsif(iReadEnableAB='1') then   
                     iWriteDataC <= iWriteDataC + std_logic_vector(signed(iReadDataA(15)&iReadDataA)*signed(iReadDataB(15)&iReadDataB));       
                end if;   
           end if;   
      end process;  
 -- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects
       process (Clock)  
      begin  
           if rising_edge (Clock) then  
                if Reset = '1' then  
                     presState <= stIdle;  
                     iCountA <= (others=>'0');  
                     iCountB <= (others=>'0');  
                else  
                     presState <= nextState;  
                     if iCountResetAB = '1' then  
                          iCountA <= (others=>'0');  
                          iCountB <= (others=>'0');  
                     elsif iCountEnableAB = '1' then  
                          iCountA <= iCountA + 1;  
                          iCountB <= iCountB + 1;  
                     end if;  
                end if;  
                if iCountReset = '1' then  
                     iCount <= (others=>'0');  
                elsif iCountEnable = '1' then  
                     iCount <= iCount + 1;  
                end if;  
           end if;  
      end process;  
      iRowA <= iCount srl 5;  
      iColB <= ("0000000000"&iCount) - iRowA*32;  
      irow <= iRowA(4 downto 0);  
      icol <= iColB(4 downto 0);  
      CountAT <= "00000"&iCountA;  
      CountBT <= "00000"&iCountB;  
      iReadAddrA <= (iRowA sll 5)+CountAT;  
      iReadAddrB <= (CountBT sll 5)+ iColB(9 downto 0);  
 -- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects
      process (presState, WriteEnable, BufferSel, iCount, iCountA, iCountB)  
      begin  
           -- signal defaults  
           iCountResetAB <= '0';  
           iCountReset <= '0';  
           iCountEnable <= '1';  
           iReadEnableAB <= '0';   
           iWriteEnableC(0) <= '0';  
           Dataready <= '0';  
           iCountEnableAB <= '0';  
           case presState is  
                when stIdle =>       
                     if (WriteEnable = '1' and BufferSel = '1') then  
                          nextState <= stWriteBufferA;  
                     else  
                          iCountReset <= '1';  
                          nextState <= stIdle;  
                     end if;  
                when stWriteBufferA =>  
                     if iCount = x"3FF" then  
                          report "Writing A";  
                          iCountReset <= '1';                      
                          nextState <= stWriteBufferB;  
                      else  
                          nextState <= stWriteBufferA;  
                     end if;  
                when stWriteBufferB =>  
                     report "Writing B";  
                     if iCount = x"3FF" then  
                          iCountReset <= '1';                      
                          nextState <= stReadBufferAB;  
                      else  
                          nextState <= stWriteBufferB;  
                     end if;  
                when stReadBufferAB =>  
                     iReadEnableAB <= '1';  
                     iCountEnable <= '0';  
                     report "CalculatingAB";  
                     if iCountA = x"1F" and iCountB = x"1F" then  
                          nextState <= stSaveData;  
                          report "Calculating";  
                          iCountEnableAB <= '0';  
                          iCountResetAB <= '1';  
                     else  
                          nextState <= stReadBufferAB;  
                          iCountEnableAB <= '1';  
                          iCountResetAB <= '0';  
                     end if;  
                when stSaveData =>   
                     iReadEnableAB <= '1';  
                     iCountEnable <= '0';  
                     nextState <= stWriteBufferC;  
                when stWriteBufferC =>  
                     iWriteEnableC(0) <= '1';  
                     report "finish 1 component";  
                     if iCount = x"3FF" then  
                          iCountReset <= '1';                           
                          nextState <= stComplete;  
                      else  
                          nextState <= stReadBufferAB;  
                     end if;                 
                when stComplete =>  
                     DataReady <= '1';  
                     nextState <= stIdle;                      
           end case;  
      end process;  
 end IntMatMulCore_arch;

Below is the testbench code to read matrix inputs from text files and write the result to an output text file:

-- VHDL project: VHDL code for matrix multiplication
-- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects   
-- Testbench VHDL code for matrix multiplication
 library ieee;  
 use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;  
 use ieee.std_logic_textio.all;  
 use ieee.numeric_std.all;  
 use std.textio.all;  
 entity tb_IntMatMultCore is  
 end tb_IntMatMultCore;  
 architecture behavior of tb_IntMatMultCore is   
 component IntMatMulCore  
      port(  
           Reset, Clock,      WriteEnable, BufferSel:      in std_logic;  
           WriteAddress: in std_logic_vector (9 downto 0);  
           WriteData:           in std_logic_vector (15 downto 0);  
           ReadAddress:      in std_logic_vector (9 downto 0);  
           ReadEnable:      in std_logic;  
           ReadData:           out std_logic_vector (63 downto 0);  
           DataReady:           out std_logic  
      );  
 end component;        
 signal tb_Reset : std_logic := '0';  
 signal tb_Clock : std_logic := '0';  
 signal tb_BufferSel : std_logic := '0';  
 signal tb_WriteEnable : std_logic := '0';  
 signal tb_WriteAddress : std_logic_vector(9 downto 0) := (others => '0');  
 signal tb_WriteData : std_logic_vector(15 downto 0) := (others => '0');  
 signal tb_ReadEnable : std_logic := '0';  
 signal tb_ReadAddress : std_logic_vector(9 downto 0) := (others => '0');  
 signal tb_DataReady : std_logic;  
 signal tb_ReadData : std_logic_vector(63 downto 0);  
 -- Clock period definitions  
 constant period : time := 100 ns;    
 begin  
 -- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects
      -- Instantiate the Unit Under Test (UUT)  
      uut: IntMatMulCore   
           PORT MAP (  
                Reset                    => tb_Reset,  
                Clock                    => tb_Clock,  
                WriteEnable          => tb_WriteEnable,  
                BufferSel          => tb_BufferSel,  
                WriteAddress     => tb_WriteAddress,  
                WriteData          => tb_WriteData,            
                ReadEnable          => tb_ReadEnable,  
                ReadAddress          => tb_ReadAddress,  
                ReadData               => tb_ReadData,  
                DataReady          => tb_DataReady  
    );  
  -- Test Bench Statements  
      process is       
      begin  
           --while now <= 10000000000000 * period loop  
                tb_Clock <= '0';  
                wait for period/2;  
                tb_Clock <= '1';  
                wait for period/2;  
           --end loop;  
           --wait;  
      end process;  
      process is       
      begin  
           tb_Reset <= '1';  
           wait for 10*period;  
           tb_Reset <= '0';  
           wait;    
      end process;  
      writingA: process is                                
           file FIA: TEXT open READ_MODE is "InputA.txt";  -- the input file must have 17 rows  
           file FIB: TEXT open READ_MODE is "InputB.txt";  -- the input file must have 17 rows  
           variable L: LINE;  
           variable tb_MatrixData: std_logic_vector(15 downto 0);  
      begin  
           tb_WriteEnable <= '0';  
           tb_BufferSel <= '1';  
           tb_WriteAddress <= "11"&x"FF";  
           wait for 20*period;  
           READLINE(FIA, L);  
           while not ENDFILE(FIA) loop  
                READLINE(FIA, L);            
                HREAD(L, tb_MatrixData);       
                wait until falling_edge(tb_Clock);  
                tb_WriteAddress <= std_logic_vector(unsigned(tb_WriteAddress)+1);  
                tb_BufferSel <= '1';  
                tb_WriteEnable <= '1';  
                tb_WriteData <=tb_MatrixData;  
           end loop;  
           READLINE(FIB, L);  
           while not ENDFILE(FIB) loop  
                READLINE(FIB, L);            
                HREAD(L, tb_MatrixData);       
                wait until falling_edge(tb_Clock);  
                tb_WriteAddress <= std_logic_vector(unsigned(tb_WriteAddress)+1);  
                tb_BufferSel <= '0';  
                tb_WriteEnable <= '1';  
                tb_WriteData <=tb_MatrixData;  
           end loop;  
           wait for period;  
           tb_WriteEnable <= '0';            
           wait;   
      end process;       
 -- fpga4student.com FPGA projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects
      reading: process is                                
           file FO: TEXT open WRITE_MODE is "OutputMultC.txt";  
           file FI: TEXT open READ_MODE is "OutputMultC_matlab.txt";  
           variable L, Lm: LINE;  
           variable v_ReadDatam: std_logic_vector(63 downto 0);  
           variable v_OK: boolean;  
      begin  
           tb_ReadEnable <= '0';  
           tb_ReadAddress <=(others =>'0');  
           ---wait for Mul done       
           wait until rising_edge(tb_DataReady);   
           wait until falling_edge(tb_DataReady);   
           READLINE(FI, Lm);  
           Write(L, STRING'("OutputMultC"));  
           WRITELINE(FO, L);  
           tb_ReadEnable<= '1' ;  
           while not ENDFILE(FI) loop  
                wait until rising_edge(tb_Clock);  
                wait for 20 ns;  
                READLINE(FI, Lm);  
                HREAD(Lm, v_ReadDatam);            
                if v_ReadDatam = tb_ReadData then  
                     v_OK :=True;  
                     report "Matched";  
                else  
                     v_OK :=False;  
                end if;  
                HWRITE(L, '0'& tb_ReadData, Left, 10);  
                WRITE(L, v_OK, Right, 10);                 
                WRITELINE(FO, L);  
                tb_ReadAddress <= std_logic_vector(unsigned(tb_ReadAddress)+1);  
           end loop;  
           tb_ReadEnable <= '0';  
           assert false report "Simulation Finished" severity failure; -- to stop simulation  
           wait;   
      end process;  
 end;  

Behavior Simulation for the matrix multiplication design

After finishing the design of the multiplier core, we carry out the behavior simulation for the core. The testbench is reading input A and B, then produce output C and then compare with Matlab result. If the result is 100% compared to Matlab, data in output file “OutputMultC.txt” will be “true”. Otherwise, it will be false.
VHDL code for matrix multiplication
Behavior simulation waveform
After 34816 clock cycles, the matrix multiplication for the matrix with size 32x32 is completed and the signal “dataready” is asserted high. It is reasonable because it would take 32 cycles to calculate each matrix component of the output matrix C. There are also 2 cycles which are saving data and writing data to buffer C for each matrix component. Thus, there are 34 clock cycles being used to calculate one component of matrix C. The size of matrix C is 32x32, then we have the matrix multiplication time is 32x32x34 = 34816 cycles.
The behavior simulation result is correctly compared to Matlab. In fact, the output file “OutputMultC.txt” is all “true”. We also check the memory content of the buffer output and the results are of course similar to Matlab calculation.
Post-route simulation
To perform post-route simulation, we synthesize and get the post translate netlist to be simulated. The synthesis result indicates that the maximum frequency of the clock used for this design is 120.757MHz. It means that the minimum period of the clock is 8.281ns. Thus, the minimum multiplication time for the 32x32 matrixes is 34816x8.281ns = 288.311 us.
The post-route simulation result is accurately similar to the Matlab result and the behavior simulation. Indeed, the output file “OutputMultC.txt” is all “true” as our expectation.

In this project, the matrix multiplication for the matrixes with 32x32 16-bit unsigned integers is implemented on FPGA Spartan6 of Xilinx. The minimum multiplication time for the matrix of 32x32 is 288.311 us.



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7 comments:

  1. Hi!
    Can I implement this project with Vivado 2015.4 on board Basys 3. I tried to do this, but Vivado 2015.4 doesn't read/take these files (InputBufferA - dpram1024x16, InputBufferB - dpram1024x16 and OutputBufferC - dpram1024x64)
    Or I'll have to create them and throw in a folder "sources".
    Can you help me? I would be happy for the answer.

    ReplyDelete
  2. You have to use Xilinx Generator to generate that memory. Then include it into the project.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Can this code be used for FPGA Model DE2i - 150

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. It can be possible but you need to replace the Block RAM IP of Xilinx by that of Quartus Altera.

      Delete
  4. Hi, I am getting an error with Read command. From Input A file. Do I have to import any i/o packages?

    ReplyDelete
  5. Can someone present containage of inputA, inputB, outputC and OutputC Matlab files please

    ReplyDelete